If you want to keep something really exciting in your tropical aquarium the chances are that you've thought about piranhas. With a reputation as one of the world's most fearsome fish, the piranha is actually quite shy by nature, but will become more confident if properly cared for. A naturally hardy fish, it makes a good choice for the beginner aquarist - provided, of course, that basic safety precautions are taken.
Piranhas are relatively big fish, growing to as much as twelve inches in length, and they need a fair amount of space to swim around, so make sure your aquarium is large enough for them. When young they prefer to live in shoals, but as they get older they become more solitary and territorial. Older piranhas who have not been raised together should not be kept together. They can be kept with larger fish of other species, but may occasionally bite them. Once they are fully grown they will generally leave much smaller fish alone, especially if they have been trained to accept non-live food.
Many aquarists feed their piranhas on smaller fish, but this is not recommended, as it results in a high fat intake which can lead to obesity. Young piranhas will happily accept flakes and freeze dried foods like tubifex and bloodworm, but older ones prefer a meatier diet.
Pieces of lean beef, chicken and fish are popular choices. However, to remain in good health, your piranhas will also need vegetable matter in their diets. Pieces of raw potato, banana and courgette are usually well received.
Piranhas can live for a long time - in some cases up to twenty five years - so taking them on is a long term commitment. Over time they can become quite tame and friendly towards their owners, but you should always be cautious around them. Although it's rare for well fed piranhas to attack people, they may sometimes bite if they feel nervous or threatened, and they can do serious damage.
Types of Piranhas
Most species of piranhas look roughly similar, though with flashes of different colours. However, they vary quite a bit in temperament and needs.- Red Belly Piranhas -The most popular choice for aquariums, these colourful fish are highly active when hunting but otherwise shy and quiet.
- Black Piranhas -These highly aggressive fish should be kept alone in an aquarium with a secure hood to prevent them from escaping when jumping. They have been known to bite through plastic aquarium equipment.
- White Piranhas -These large fish prefer an entirely fish based diet and need an aquarium with subdued lighting and lots of hiding places.
- Gold Piranhas -Also known as black diamond piranhas, these exotic looking fish are among the small piranha species but are highly aggressive and should be kept alone.
- Wimple Piranhas -These small, distinctively shaped fish can usually be kept in shoals. They may appear placid but they can strike extremely fast.
Breeding Piranhas
The male will be primarily responsible for guarding the fry, and he'll be even more aggressive than usual when doing so, so be careful around him. The fry can be fed on small live brine shrimp.
Piranhas are alert, curious fish who make take a few months to adjust to a new home but who always pay attention to the wider environment, getting to know their owners. Take the time to get to know your piranhas and you could be in for a fascinating fishkeeping experience.